JPEG is an image format where a colour image is compressed. It is called lossy compression, and can reduce the file size to as little as 5%
However, some or a lot of detail can be lost in JPEG images.
JPEG images are especially for "real world scenes", basically photos.
GIF - Graphics Interchange Format
GIF is an image format that supports colour, various resolutions and data compression. It is limited to 256 colours, which makes it better for illustrations rather than photos.
GIF is pretty much the only way to put animations on the internet. It is also used for logos, line drawings and icons.
PNG - Portable Network Graphics
PNG is an image format very similar to GIF except more advanced, with more depth in colour.
It is used for pretty much everything GIF is, but not animation.
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